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23 V Vanadium 50.94151

Vanadium

TRANSITION METAL
Bohr Model: Electrons arranged in energy shells around the nucleus.

Vanadium is a chemical element with symbol V and atomic number 23. It is a hard, silvery grey, ductile and malleable transition metal. The element is found only in chemically combined form in nature, but once isolated artificially, the formation of an oxide layer stabilizes the free metal somewhat against further oxidation.

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Quick Facts

Atomic Number 23
Period 4
Group 5
Phase Solid
Appearance blue-silver-grey metal
About Transition Metals

Transition metals are elements with partially filled d-orbitals. They are hard, have high melting points, and often form colored compounds.

History

Discovered By Andrés Manuel del Río
Named By Isotopes of vanadium

Physical Properties

Atomic Mass 50.94151
Density 6 g/L
Molar Heat 24.89 J/(mol·K)
Phase Transition (Melting & Boiling Points)

Vanadium melts at 2183 K and boils at 3680 K.

Atomic Properties

Electron Config [Ar] 3d3 4s2
Electronegativity 1.63
Electron Affinity 50.911 kJ/mol
Ionization Energy 650.9 kJ/mol
Orbital Filling Diagram
This diagram visualizes electron configuration according to the Aufbau principle and Hund's rule. Boxes represent orbitals (s, p, d, f), while arrows indicate electrons with spin up or down. Electrons fill lower energy levels first and occupy orbitals singly before pairing.

Photograph

Image of Vanadium Source: Wikipedia

External Resources

Wikipedia PubChem Royal Society of Chemistry Periodic Videos (YouTube)

Study Guide

Atomic Number

The number of protons in the nucleus, which defines the element.

Atomic Mass

The average mass of an atom, including protons and neutrons.

Electronegativity

A measure of how strongly an atom attracts electrons in a bond.

Ionization Energy

The energy required to remove an electron from an atom.

Electron Config

The arrangement of electrons in the atom's energy shells.