Nickel
TRANSITION METAL
Bohr Model: Electrons arranged in energy shells around the nucleus.
Nickel is a chemical element with symbol Ni and atomic number 28. It is a silvery-white lustrous metal with a slight golden tinge. Nickel belongs to the transition metals and is hard and ductile.
Quick Facts
Atomic Number 28
Period 4
Group 10
Phase Solid
Appearance lustrous, metallic, and silver with a gold tinge
About Transition Metals
Transition metals are elements with partially filled d-orbitals. They are hard, have high melting points, and often form colored compounds.
History
Discovered By Axel Fredrik Cronstedt
Named By Unknown
Physical Properties
Atomic Mass 58.69344
Density 8.908 g/L
Molar Heat 26.07 J/(mol·K)
Phase Transition (Melting & Boiling Points)
Nickel melts at 1728 K and boils at 3003 K.
Atomic Properties
Electron Config [Ar] 3d8 4s2
Electronegativity 1.91
Electron Affinity 111.65 kJ/mol
Ionization Energy 737.1 kJ/mol
Orbital Filling Diagram
This diagram visualizes electron configuration according to the Aufbau principle and Hund's rule.
Boxes represent orbitals (s, p, d, f), while arrows indicate electrons with spin up or down.
Electrons fill lower energy levels first and occupy orbitals singly before pairing.
Photograph
External Resources
Study Guide
Atomic Number
The number of protons in the nucleus, which defines the element.
Atomic Mass
The average mass of an atom, including protons and neutrons.
Electronegativity
A measure of how strongly an atom attracts electrons in a bond.
Ionization Energy
The energy required to remove an electron from an atom.
Electron Config
The arrangement of electrons in the atom's energy shells.