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25 Mn Manganese 54.9380443

Manganese

TRANSITION METAL
Bohr Model: Electrons arranged in energy shells around the nucleus.

Manganese is a chemical element with symbol Mn and atomic number 25. It is not found as a free element in nature; it is often found in combination with iron, and in many minerals. Manganese is a metal with important industrial metal alloy uses, particularly in stainless steels.

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Quick Facts

Atomic Number 25
Period 4
Group 7
Phase Solid
Appearance silvery metallic
About Transition Metals

Transition metals are elements with partially filled d-orbitals. They are hard, have high melting points, and often form colored compounds.

History

Discovered By Torbern Olof Bergman
Named By Unknown

Physical Properties

Atomic Mass 54.9380443
Density 7.21 g/L
Molar Heat 26.32 J/(mol·K)
Phase Transition (Melting & Boiling Points)

Manganese melts at 1519 K and boils at 2334 K.

Atomic Properties

Electron Config [Ar] 3d5 4s2
Electronegativity 1.55
Electron Affinity -50 kJ/mol
Ionization Energy 717.3 kJ/mol
Orbital Filling Diagram
This diagram visualizes electron configuration according to the Aufbau principle and Hund's rule. Boxes represent orbitals (s, p, d, f), while arrows indicate electrons with spin up or down. Electrons fill lower energy levels first and occupy orbitals singly before pairing.

Photograph

Image of Manganese Source: Wikipedia

External Resources

Wikipedia PubChem Royal Society of Chemistry Periodic Videos (YouTube)

Study Guide

Atomic Number

The number of protons in the nucleus, which defines the element.

Atomic Mass

The average mass of an atom, including protons and neutrons.

Electronegativity

A measure of how strongly an atom attracts electrons in a bond.

Ionization Energy

The energy required to remove an electron from an atom.

Electron Config

The arrangement of electrons in the atom's energy shells.